![]() These involved 17 middle-top management estimators who have had extensive experience in the industry. Interviews, focus group discussions and direct observation methods were used to explore data on estimating activities in 3D CAD from two public organizations, two large contracting firms, two quantity surveying consulting practices, two specialist-project companies and four software development and vending firms. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on the various perspectives within the different construction business domains. ![]() The purpose of this study is to elicit the activities in geometric 3D CAD estimating. Regardless, the developments in the use of geometric and parametric CAD for design and management purposes have been rapid. Each of these platforms also appeals to estimators in the various practice domains differently. There is considerable evidence to suggest substantial distinction between data structuring in geometric and parametric CAD (BIM). However, there are different ways to this. Purpose Construction estimators usually target the structural integrity of data underlying project designs while measuring quantities and developing estimates.
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